Drip irrigation polymer pipes, also known as drip irrigation tubing, are typically made of polyethylene (PE) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material. These materials are chosen because they are durable, flexible, and resistant to chemical degradation and UV radiation. PE is the most commonly used material for drip irrigation tubing due to its low cost and excellent physical properties, including high strength, flexibility, and resistance to corrosion and abrasion. PVC is also a popular choice for drip irrigation tubing, particularly for larger diameter pipes, as it is more rigid and can withstand higher pressures. Both materials are safe for use in contact with food and water, and are approved by regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Drip irrigation polymer pipes are specifically designed to deliver water directly to the roots of plants in a slow and controlled manner, which helps to conserve water and improve plant growth. The tubing is typically manufactured in different diameters, ranging from 0.25 inches to 1 inch, to suit various irrigation needs. The thickness of the tubing walls may also vary, depending on the required pressure and flow rate of the system.
Polymer pipes used in drip irrigation systems are generally produced using one of two methods: extrusion or injection molding. Extrusion involves melting the polymer material and forcing it through a die to create the desired shape and size of tubing. Injection molding, on the other hand, involves melting the polymer and injecting it into a mold, which is then cooled and removed from the mold to form the final product.
In addition to PE and PVC, other materials such as polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) may also be used for drip irrigation pipes. However, these materials are less commonly used due to their higher cost or lower resistance to environmental factors such as sunlight and chemicals.
Drip irrigation polymer pipes are often designed with specific features to improve their performance and efficiency in delivering water to plants. Some common features include:
Emitter spacing: Drip irrigation tubing typically has small holes or emitters spaced at regular intervals along its length. The spacing of these emitters can be adjusted to deliver the desired amount of water to each plant.
Flow rate: The flow rate of water through the tubing can be controlled by adjusting the size and spacing of the emitters, as well as the pressure of the water supply.
Pressure rating: The tubing should be designed to withstand the pressure of the water supply and the force of the water as it is delivered to the emitters. The pressure rating of the tubing will depend on its thickness, material, and manufacturing process.
UV resistance: Since drip irrigation systems are often exposed to sunlight, the tubing should be designed with UV stabilizers to prevent degradation and cracking over time.
Flexibility: Drip irrigation tubing should be flexible enough to conform to the contours of the soil and the layout of the plants being irrigated. This helps to minimize damage to the tubing and ensure uniform water delivery.
In addition to tubing, drip irrigation systems may also include other components such as filters, pressure regulators, and valves to ensure efficient and consistent water delivery. Proper installation and maintenance of these components can help to extend the lifespan of the system and improve plant growth and yields.
There are different types of drip irrigation polymer pipes available in the market, and their features can vary depending on the manufacturer and the specific needs of the user. Here are some examples of different types of drip irrigation pipes:
Non pressure compensating: These pipes deliver water at a consistent rate, regardless of changes in pressure along the length of the tubing. This can result in some plants receiving more or less water than others, depending on their location and elevation relative to the water source.
Compensation de pression : ces tuyaux sont conçus pour fournir de l'eau à un débit constant, même si la pression varie sur la longueur du tube. Cela garantit que chaque plante reçoit la même quantité d'eau, quel que soit son emplacement ou son altitude.
Tube émetteur : ces tuyaux ont des émetteurs intégrés espacés à intervalles réguliers, éliminant ainsi le besoin d'émetteurs ou de goutteurs séparés. Cela peut simplifier l'installation et réduire le risque de colmatage.
Tube suintant : Ces tuyaux ont de minuscules pores sur toute leur longueur, ce qui permet à l'eau de s'infiltrer lentement et uniformément dans le sol. Ce type de tube est idéal pour arroser les plantes qui préfèrent les sols humides, comme les légumes et les fleurs.
Micro tube : il s'agit d'un tube de plus petit diamètre qui est souvent utilisé pour un arrosage précis de plantes individuelles ou de conteneurs. Il est généralement plus flexible et plus facile à installer que les tubes de plus grand diamètre.
Lors de la sélection d'un tuyau d'irrigation goutte à goutte, il est important de tenir compte des besoins spécifiques des plantes irriguées, ainsi que de l'aménagement du jardin ou de la ferme. Des facteurs tels que le type de sol, l'espacement des plantes et la source d'eau peuvent tous influencer le choix des tubes et autres composants. Consulter un fournisseur compétent ou un spécialiste de l'irrigation peut aider à s'assurer que le système est conçu et installé correctement pour des performances et une efficacité de l'eau optimales.
Dans l'ensemble, le choix du matériau pour les tuyaux d'irrigation goutte à goutte dépendra de divers facteurs tels que la taille et la complexité du système d'irrigation, les conditions climatiques et pédologiques et les besoins spécifiques des plantes irriguées.
