Earth's movement coordinates are transmitted to structures in the form of seismic waves during an earthquake, which causes the structure to be loaded and causes many damages to the structure. The main types of seismic loads that a building may suffer are:
Horizontal Seismic Loads: These loads are applied to the structure in the horizontal direction and are mainly caused by the rotation or displacement of the ground in the horizontal direction during the earthquake.
Vertical Seismic Loads: These loads are applied to the structure in the vertical direction and are mainly due to the measurement of seismic waves in the vertical direction during the earthquake.
Seismic failure loads: These loads are caused by structural components breaking and may reduce the ability of the structure to withstand seismic load.
Impulsive seismic loads: These loads are caused by strong and sudden shocks in the structure and can cause severe damage and damage to the structure.
Seismic loads of stability: these loads arise as a result of the lack of stability of the structure and the reduction of its resistance against seismic loads and may cause damage and severe damage to the structure.
In general, in the design of building structures, all these loads should be taken into account so that the structure can withstand earthquake tremors. Also, in the selection of building materials and construction methods, these loads should be taken into account and appropriate methods should be chosen for the structure's resistance against earthquakes. Also, in the design of the building structure, one should consider the ground limitations and perform the necessary calculations and analyzes to determine the response of the structure to earthquakes. Finally, the creation of a suitable executive plan and the precise and controlled implementation of the plan are of great importance to increase the resistance of the structure against seismic loads.
